Many of the technologies being deployed to support smart grid projectssuch as smart meters, sensors, and advanced communications networkscan make the grid more vulnerable to attack. Pdf cyber security in smart grid systems is becoming a major concern throughout the grid communication networks and software platforms. Last, a number of mathematical tools that can help in analyzing and implementing security solutions are introduced. Significant policy gaps exist in the field of grid cyber security. Arguably, the greatest cyber threats to the grid have been intrusions focused on manipulating industrial control system ics networks. Many people think of the smart grid as a power distribution group built on advanced smart meteringbut thats just one aspect of a much larger and more complex system. Its understandablethe grid as we know it today already relies on a wide variety of. Smart grid integrates the traditional electrical power grid with information and communication technologies ict. Utilities must consider smart grid security, including vulnerable areas, strategic issues, the layered. Comed also plans to introduce new, stateoftheart technologies to create a smart grid that supports the 21st century economy. This is then followed by discussing security of power systems and cyberattacks.
A comprehensive analysis of smart grid systems against. In short, the smart grid is going to happen, and its going to happen soon. Although smart grid improves the quality of grid s services, it exposes the grid to the cyber security threats that communication networks suffer from in addition to other novel threats because of power grid s nature. Jun 22, 2016 potential solution approaches that can help mitigate these threats are then discussed. Smart grid cyber security potential threats, vulnerabilities. Cisco grid security solutions deliver an integrated, converged approach to security.
Smart grid research, reports and presentations nist. Pdf communication security for smart grid distribution networks. This document reports about the works of smart grid cyber security work group in the computer security division of nist. Cisco grid security solutions deliver an integrated, converged approach to security that. Pdf a survey on cyber security for smart grid communications. Best practices for handling smart grid cyber security is the final report for the smart grid information assurance and security technology assessment project contract number 500. Due to its robustness, smart grid can accommodate en. This article is a survey of smart grid literature till 2011 on the enabling technologies for the smart grid. It lays plans for a framework to address cyber security concerns in smart grids as well. This section surveys existing solutions and methods that address the cyber security issues in the smart grid. Smart grid communication architecture with attacks illustrated. With the adoption of security features in smart grid, the network is safer from cyberattack and any unwanted tampering and natural disaster.
Many methods are explained, including endpoint protection, securing individual zones within the smart grid architecture, data and application security, and situational awareness. The smart grid is the next generation of power and distribution systems. Recently, several research works have been conducted to address smart grid security, privacy and trust issues by blockchain. Also benefit would be gained by intergroup engagement with the smart. You will learn what the smart grid is and what it is not. Vol 1, smart grid cyber security strategy, architecture, and highlevel requirements, and as a result, their ics have different objectives than typical it systems. As such, this paper will provide the first comprehensive overview on smart grid security. Smart grid security is crucial to maintain stable and reliable power system operation during the contingency situation due to the failure of any critical power system component. The increasing importance of security for the smart grid. Having identified various threats and challenges faced by the grid system, the threats must be welldefined and an encompassing approach towards the operational security provisions must be laid and followed. In this survey, we examine the cyber security aspects of phasor measurement devices in a smart grid, and develop a taxonomy of attacks to be used in the evaluation and analysis of smart grid. This document issued on august 2010 is the smart grid interoperability panel cyber security working groups sgipcswgs report for individuals and organizations who will be addressing cyber security for smart grid systems. Sep 04, 2014 reliability and safety are of paramount importance in electric power systems nist, 2010a, guidelines for smart grid security. This threevolume report, guidelines for smart grid cybersecurity, presents an analytical framework that organizations can use to develop effective cybersecurity strategies tailored to their particular combinations of smart gridrelated characteristics, risks, and vulnerabilities.
Introduction traditionally, the term grid is used for an electricity system. To achieve goals envisaged in the roadmap, the government of india established the national smart grid mission in the year 2015 for planning, monitoring and implementation of policies and programs related to smart grid activities. The principal goal of the open dialogue is to identify the main concerns regarding the security of smart grids as well as to recognize and support national, paneuropean and international initiatives on smart grid security. The selection from applied cyber security and the smart grid book. The smart grid interoperability panel cyber security working group. Security requirements the availability of electric power in north america depends in part on the availability of the power grid control systems. Enisa works with these groups to develop advice and recommendations on good. Ieees smart grid website provides information, resources and expertise about smart grid. Smart grid technology is an extended form of analog technology that has also been introduced for controlling the use of appliances by employing twoway communication. Ieee has been at the forefront of the global smart grid movement since the development of the smart grid concept. Security and privacy in smart grid asmaa abdallah springer.
Smart grid cyber security should be a significant consideration for the smart grids forum. The smart grid, which is known as the nextgeneration power grid, uses twoway flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. Threats, vulnerabilities and solutions abstract for article. Ensuring a secured smart grid involves with a less possibility of power grid collapse or equipment malfunction. The smart grid cyber security was then discussed, which covered i smart grid cyber security challenges, ii emerging smart grid cyber security technologies, iii compliance versus security, and iv smart grid cyber security standards. The national institute of standards and technology nist has defined three criteria required to maintain the security of information in the smart grid and keep it protected, specifically confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Pdf cyber security of smart grid infrastructure researchgate. Although the eu has promoted socalled smart grid technologies since 2005, it has yet to realize its. This article was published in the international journal of renewable energy and smart grid ijresg, vol. Enhancing smart grid cyber security in the age of information warfare 1 introduction a s. This report outlines policy recommendations that build upon the energy independence and security act of 2007 and the obama administrations smart grid investments to foster longterm investment, job growth, innovation, and help consumers save money. Manimaran govindarasu and adam hann iowa state university. Section 2 provides a brief overview of smart grid cyber security. Index terms smart grid, power grid, survey, energy, information, communications, management, protection, security, privacy.
What follows are selected quotations reprinted with permission from etp, engineering and technology publishing. Ieee guide for smart grid interoperability ieee p2030 provides reference models for. However, the prevalence of internet access in most homes has made the smart grid. Smart grid cyber security for europe sciencedirect. Discusses the security vulnerabilities associated with smart power grid. Smart grid cyber security potential threats, vulnerabilities and risks is the interim report for the smart grid information assurance and security technology assessment project contract number 500. One of the overarching goals of the future research is to develop a comprehensive cyber. Though blockchain in smart grid is a new area of research, it has attracted already signi. The concept of a smart grid is that of a digital upgrade of distribution and long distance transmission grids to both optimize current operations by reducing the losses, as well as open up new markets for alternative energy production. The smart grid and cybersecurityregulatory policy and issues congressional research service 2 authorities1 which integrate resource plans ahead of time, maintain loadinterchange generation balance within a balancing authority area, and support interconnection frequency in realtime.
He has contributed to multiple books on security, and was the technical editor for applied cyber security and the smart grid. The integration of advanced network, communications, and computing techniques allows for the enhancement of efficiency and reliability. Security remains to be one of the most important issues in smart grid systems given the danger and inconvenience residents and companies alike might encounter if the grid falls under attack. Applied cyber security and the smart grid sciencedirect. The smart grid and cybersecurity regulatory policy and. Smart grid topic 2 smart grid department of electrical. We discuss then the challenges that exist in securing the smart grid network and how the current security solutions. Reliability and safety are of paramount importance in electric power systems nist, 2010a, guidelines for smart grid security. Control nets run over or tunneled though public networks attack channel, or subject to broader. Pdf smart grid security is crucial to maintain stable and reliable power system operation during the contingency situation due to the failure of any. Index terms smart grid, cyberattacks, vulnerabilities, confidentiality, availability, integrity, accountability, ids, cryptography, network security. Besides, an outlook on the main security initiatives at the eulevel is presented. The smart grid is an alliance of hardware, management and reporting collection of programs.
This article discusses energy sector partnerships that are designing cybersecurity into the smart grid with the vision of. Although deploying the smart grid has enormous social and technical benefits, several security and privacy concerns arise. This chapter explains how to secure the smart grid by using the security methodologies and practices described in earlier chapters. A classification of power system communication psc systems according to their requirements is given in section 5. Cybersecurity and the smarter grid reliability remains a fundamental principle of grid modernization efforts, but in todays world, reliability requires cybersecurity. Integration of the power grid with computing devices and networks has had a profound effect on the security of the smart grid. Thus, smart grid reduces the power losses and increases the efficiency of electricity generation and distribution. Pdf the smart grid, generally referred to as the nextgeneration power system, is considered as a revolutionary and evolutionary regime of existing. The traditional electrical power grid is currently evolving into the smart grid. The security issues associated with the smart grid include the following. For the smart protection system, we explore various failure protection mechanisms which improve the reliability of the smart grid, and explore the security and privacy issues in the smart grid.
A smart grid can help utilities conserve energy, reduce costs, increase reliability and transparency, and make processes more efficient. Big data analytics cyber security of the smart grid rural electrification, microgrids and renewables global approach to an integrated and smarter grid one challenge that the ieee smart grid committee faced early on for practically all of its activities was how to. Nrel smart grid educational series webinar hardware security for smart grid end point devices shrinath eswarahally ev senior staff engineer security shrinath. These include ensuring the health and safety of human. Cybersecurity and the smarter grid department of energy. Security fact sheet safeguarding data through smarter technology comed is modernizing the energy grid to improve reliability and provide better service. Smart grid security threats classification by sources. Abstract the smart grid, generallyreferredto as the nextgenerationpowersystem, is considered asa revolutionaryand evolutionary regime of existing power grids. They classified attacks based upon the type of the network, namely, home area network han, neighborhood. Hamed mohsenianrad communications and control in smart grid texas tech university 8 according to the u.
The purpose of this book is to give readers in plain language a fix on the current position of the smart grid and its adoption. Index termssmart grid, power grid, survey, energy, information, communications, management, protection, security, privacy. Best practices for handling smart grid cyber security. Organizations in the diverse community of smart grid stakeholdersfrom utilities to providers of energy. Security implications of the electric smart grid 201409.
This springerbrief addresses the main security concerns for smart grid, e. Journal of energy and power engineering 9 2015 632647 doi. Security aspects of the smart grid chapters 7, 8, and 9 provide an overview on the policy context and the security standards that are being defined at the level of smart grid security. This threevolume report, guidelines for smart grid cybersecurity, presents an analytical framework that organizations can use to develop effective cybersecurity strategies tailored to their particular combinations of smart grid related characteristics, risks, and vulnerabilities. Prepared for the project the future grid to enable sustainable energy systems funded by the u. Joel is a voting member of the isa99 committee on industrial security for control systems, and was a lead contributor to the isa99 technical report on the stuxnet malware. Nist framework and roadmap for smart grid interoperability standards, details progress made in phases ii and iii of nist s threephase plan since the establishment of the smart grid interoperability panel sgip in november 2009. The increasing use of itbased electric power systems, however, increases cyber security vulnerabilities, which increases cyber security s importance. We highlight the complexity of the smart grid network and discuss the vulnerabilities specific to this huge heterogeneous network. Sep 16, 20 this report details the cyber security vulnerabilities that exist in the smart grid value chain, the efforts undertaken by certain countries to mitigate these vulnerabilities, and the measures that need to be implemented going forward. Major deliverables have been produced in the areas of smart grid architecture, cybersecurity. An analysis of smart grid attacks and countermeasures.
In particular, the years 20072010 have seen cyber security become increasingly. The european network and information security agency enisa is a centre of network. This document is annex 2 of 5 to the enisa study smart grid security. Security aspects of the smart grid about enisa the european network and information security agency enisa is a centre of network and information security expertise for the eu, its member states, the private sector and europes citizens. The traditional electrical power grid is currently evolving into. In this paper, we survey the latest on smart grid security. A smart grid is an umbrella term that covers moder nization of both the transmission and distribution grids. As part of the development of smart grid, these control systems are becoming more. Cyber intrusions on the electric grid have resulted in malware on ics networks with the capability of causing damage. Hamed mohsenianrad communications and control in smart grid texas tech university 33 interoperability is the capability of two or more networks, systems.
Cyberphysical security of a smart grid infrastructure network. Smart grid generally refers to a class of technologies that people are using to bring utility electricity delivery systems into the 21st century, using computerbased remote control and automation. You will get a feel for the issues surrounding it, the challenges ahead, the countless opportunities it presents and. Draft report on the nist framework and roadmap for smart grid. While some solutions were proposed to solve security issues in the smart grid, vulnerabilities still exist. Although smart grid improves the quality of grids services, it exposes the grid to the cyber security threats that communication networks suffer from in addition to other novel threats because of power grids nature.
In 20, hackers gained control over the port computer system in antwerp, using the records to locate and smuggle oil containers, then delete their tracks once the operation was complete. Cyber security in the smart grid is a crucial issue that attracted the attention of researchers and industry professionals. As part of the development of smart grid, these control systems are becoming more sophisticated, allowing for better control and higher reliability. Milpitas ca 95035 4083167853 infineon technologies america may 11th, 2016. It requires security frame works for distributed communications, pervasive computing and sensing technologies in smart grid.
Potential solution approaches that can help mitigate these threats are then discussed. The cybersecurity for smart grid systems project is moving forward to address the critical cybersecurity needs by promoting technology transfer of best practices, standards and voluntary guidance, and research in the areas of applied cryptography and cybersecurity for microgrids. Pdf cyber security of smart grid infrastructure abdun. Four such instances of cyber security breaches are highlighted in this report. Three main security objectives must be incorporated in the smart grid system.